In vitro antagonistic activity of Bacillus spp. against Macrophomina phaseolina and Bipolaris sp.
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Abstract
The search for sustainable alternatives to the chemical control of plant diseases is crucial for resilient agriculture. This study evaluated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Bacillus spp. strains against the phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina and Bipolaris sp. The dual culture method was used on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, inoculating the fungi against different bacterial strains. After incubation at 28 °C, the diameter of the fungal colonies was measured to calculate the percentage of inhibition, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed that all the Bacillus strains evaluated significantly inhibited the growth of both pathogens, with inhibition halos attributed to the production of secondary metabolites during the exponential phase of bacterial growth. Bacillus subtilis (Bs-21) demonstrated the greatest effectiveness against both fungi. It was concluded that Bacillus spp. It possesses remarkable potential as a biocontrol agent, although its antagonistic effect may be transient, depending on nutrient availability and the bacterial growth phase, highlighting the importance of optimizing its formulation and application in the field.
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