Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. 'CUL 156') en la Granja Universitaria “El Guayabal” Harmful and beneficial organisms associated with the cultivation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. 'CUL 156') at the University Farm "El Guayabal"
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Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the basic ingredients of the Cuban population's diet. The crop yield is below the potential of the cultivars used, among other factors, due to the incidence of climate and pests. Based on this problem, the present work was carried out with the objective of determining the incidence of harmful and beneficial organisms in the common bean cultivar ʹCUL 156ʹ. The experiment was carried out at the University Farm "El Guayabal" during the December 2021-March 2022 stage. Weekly sampling was carried out, in which one trifoliate leaf was extracted per plant, for a total of 30 leaves, which were randomly selected on the diagonal of the field. The most abundant harmful organisms on bean cultivar ʹCUL 156ʹ were Polyphagotarsonemus latus, the tisanoptera complex and leafhoppers. These were predominantly located on the underside of leaves. Of the three species accumulation curve models evaluated, the best fit was found with the Logarithmic model, with close values between the number of estimated and recorded species. The spatial distribution of thysanoptera tended to aggregate (a= 0.68; b=1.53; R2=0.95). It was determined that with only 10 plants it is possible to estimate the population of tisanoptera (E= 0.15). There was a positive relationship between P. latus and thrips with temperature (mean, minimum, maximum), while rainfall had a negative influence on these phytophagous. Natural enemies were represented by phytoseid predatory mites, anthocorids, syrphids and parasitoids, which appeared late in the crop and with low population levels.
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