Estrategias de lucha para evitar epidemias provocadas por la enfermedad Pata Prieta del tabaco en cuba
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Abstract
The black shank disease caused by the Phytophthora nicotianae fungus, is one of the main diseases that still affects tobacco cultivation in different areas of the world, in which loss of UDS 18 908 000 have been reported. Cuba is also involved in this problem, and from the beginning of this last century, this is a vital problem for tobacco’s agriculture. In order to avoid the risk of epidemics with their consistent economic lost, different studies about control alternatives were done that could allow establish a management of the disease, and diminish the risk of epidemics mainly in the seedbeds. A simple method, using tobacco leafs to the detection and quantification of the pathogen in soil was made. The role of the biotic and abiotic factors in the development of the epidemics was determined. The effectiveness of the different control methods was studied, such as field selection, solarization, crop rotation, the use of Trichoderma harzianum according to the level of soil infestation and Glomus spp. It was determined that the selection of areas for the seedbeds, and the crops rotation, contributed to reduce the affectation in the cultivation. Soil solarization for 30 days and the use of Glomus spp. were efficient to control the disease. The bait method was optimal to quantificate the soil infestation level before culture began, and to establish strategies in which the use of Trichoderma and fungicides applications were included. These results have allowed to establish the management of the disease, the reduction of the risk of epidemics, and lost in cultivation.
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