Evolution and current situation of viral diseases on Tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum, L.) in Cuba
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Abstract
Between the years 1980 to 2020, there has been an evolution of virus diseases infecting tomato crop in Cuba. Some of them have decreased in incidence and distribution, while others are more severe and difficult to manage and require advanced techniques for diagnosis. The aim of the present work is to show the procedures that have been introduced in the country for the characterization of the known and well-established viral diseases and those that have been determined for the first time. National surveys and sample collections were carried on open field, hydroponics, organoponics and cover crop systems. Diagnostic techniques used were sap inoculations on indicators plants, agar immunodiffusion, slide agglutination, optic microscopy, Elisa-Das and molecular techniques. Viral species known to occur in Cuba like Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from Potyvirus, Cucumovirus and Tobamovirus genera, respectively, were determined. Other emergent virus species including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL (CU), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and Tomato clorosis virus (ToCV), belonging to the genera Begomovirus, Orthotospovirus and Crinivirus, respectively; were reported for the first time. For Cuba, the knowledge acquired with these studies implied an updating of the list of viral species infecting tomato crop, the improvement of molecular techniques, the rise on scientific and technical level, the generalization of management practices involving the complex virus and its vectors and the reinforcement of the epidemiological and phyto-sanitary surveillance on tomato crops in the country.
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