Harmful organisms of importance in differents types of production systems in the urban, periurban and suburban agricole matrix of the Havana province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Due to changes in the matrix of vegetation in the city of La Havana and surrounding areas, species of harmful organisms of plants productive interest were updated through the study of 12 representative systems of the following types: organoponics, intensive orchards , periurban farms and suburban farms. Diagnostic equipment were organized and meetings were held in the municipalities of Plaza de la Revolución, Arroyo Naranjo, Habana del Este and Cotorro. In each system studied, species of harmful organisms were identified, their importance and impact, according to scales developed for this purpose; the similarity index (Sorensen) between systems for species affecting and such species according to their functional relationships with agroecosistems (dendrogram). Were pooled determined 56 species of harmful organisms: hervibores 69.6 %, phytopathogenics 26.8 % and 3.8 % phytoparasitics of importance in 31 species of plants productive interest, most often in tomato and snap beans (29 %), guava (25.8 %) and chili (22.6 %). Four clusters that group the species of harmful organisms regarding their functional relationships with agroecosistema, those considered Functional Groups of Harmful Organisms (GFON), which is a novelty in the classification of these species with negative functions were identified. The number of species of importance was greater in suburban farms (N = 40), followed by organoponics (N = 20) and intensive orchards (N = 19) and lower in periurban farms (N = 9). The greatest similarity between species is expressed in the following order: organoponics-intensive orchard (0,51)> Periurban farm-intensive orchard (0,43)> intensive orchard-suburban farm (0.41)> organoponic –periurban farm (0,34)> organoponic-suburban farm (0,27)> periurban farm- suburban farm (0.24). As a result of the study, a summary of the components of the urban landscape related to the movement of populations of harmful organisms is offered.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Those authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms of the License Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0):
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The journal is not responsible for the opinions and concepts expressed in the works, they are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the assistance of the Editorial Committee, reserves the right to suggest or request advisable or necessary modifications. They are accepted to publish original scientific papers, research results of interest that have not been published or sent to another journal for the same purpose.
The mention of trademarks of equipment, instruments or specific materials is for identification purposes, and there is no promotional commitment in relation to them, neither by the authors nor by the publisher.
How to Cite
References
Almekinders, C.; L. Fresco y P. Struik: «The need to study and manage variation in agro-ecosystems», Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43: 127-142, 1995.
Altieri, M. A. y C. I. Nicholls: «Biodiversidad y manejo de plagas en agroecosistemas». Perspectivas agroecológicas No. 2, Icaria editorial, Barcelona, 2007.
Bennett, A. F.: Enlazando el paisaje. El papel de los corredores ecológicos y la conectividad en la conservación de la vida silvestre, UICN-Mesoamérica, San José, Costa Rica, 2004.
Carone, Margarita: Bacterias fitopatógenas. Ed. INISAV, La Habana, 2003.
Castro, Isabel: «¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de diversidad ecosistémica?», Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. (Sec. Biol.), 100 (1-4): 31-34, 2005.
Chapin III, F. S.; E.S. Zavaleta; V. T. Eviner; R. L. Naylor y P. M. Vitousek: «Consequences of changing biodiversity», Nature 405:234-242, 2000.
Duckworth, J. C.; M. Kent y P. M. Ramsay: «Plant functional types: An alternative to taxonomic plant community description in biogeography?», Progress in Physical Geography 24:515-542, 2000.
Fernández, A. y L. Vázquez: Impacto de la capacitación sobre la adopción de prácticas agroecológicas de manejo de plagas en la agricultura urbana, Ed. CIDISAV, La Habana, 2009.
Fernández, E.; B. Bernal; L. L. Vázquez; V. García; G. González; H. Gandarilla; R. Cuadras; O. Acosta; J. M. Pérez y L. Espinosa: «Manejo Integrado de Plagas en los organopónicos», Memorias. Primer Encuentro Internacional sobre Agricultura Urbana y su impacto en la alimentación de la comunidad, La Habana, 1995.
Fry, G.: «Landscape ecology of insect movement in arable ecosystems», Ecolog y and Integrated Farming Systems. John Wiley & Sons. Briston, Reino Unido, 1995.
Giller, P. S.; H. Hillebrand; U. G. Berninger; M. O. Gessner; S. Hawkins; P. Inchausti; C. Inglis; H. Leslie; B. Malmqvist; M. T. Monagham; P. Morin, P. and G. O’Mullan: «Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning: emerging issues and their experimental test in aquatic environments», Oikos 104 (3): 423-436, 2004.
IISV (Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal): III Reunión nacional metodológica sobre señalización y pronóstico, tt. I y II, La Habana, 1981.
Latorre, B.: Plagas de las hortalizas, Ed. FAO, Santiago, Chile, 1990. Martínez, A. y L. L. Vázquez: «Características de la colindancia de cultivos en tres sistemas agrícolas convencionales y su relación con la incidencia de insectos nocivos y reguladores naturales», Fitosanidad 17(2): 65-74, 2013.
Martínez, E.; G. Barrios; L. Rovesti; R. Santos: Manejo Integrado de Plagas. Manual práctico. Ed. BioPreparados. Centro Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal. 526p. 2007.
Mendoza, F. y J. Gómez: Principales insectos que atacan a las plantas económicas de Cuba, Ed. Pueblo y Educación, La Habana, 1982.
Naeem, S. and S. Li: «Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability», Nature, 390:507-509, 1997.
Odum E. P. y F. O. Sarmiento: La Ecología: el puente entre ciencia y sociedad, McGraw Hill Interamericana de México, 1998.
Rabb, R. L.: «A sharp focus on insect populations and pest management from a wide area view», Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 24: 55-60, 1978.
Reich, P. B.; M. B. Walters y D. S. Ellsworth: «From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning», Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences 94:13730-13734, 1997.
Root, R. B.: «Some consequences of ecosystem texture», Ecosystem analysis and prediction, Ind. Appl. Math., Philadelphia, 1975.
Stiling, P.: Ecology; theories and applications, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey, 1999.
Suárez, R. y J. Hernández: Plagas, enfermedades y su control. Ed. Pueblo y Educación, La Habana, 1989.
Tahvanainen, J. O. y R. B. Root: «The influence of vegetational diversity on the population ecology of a specialized herbivore, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomehdae)», Oecologia 10: 321-346, 1972.
Tilman, D.; C. L. Lehman; C. E. Bristow: «Diversity-stability relationships: statistical inevitability or ecological consequence», American Naturalist, 151: 264-276, 1998.
Vázquez, L. L. y E. Fernández. «Manejo agroecológico de plagas y enfermedades en la agricultura urbana. Estudio de caso Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba» Agroecología, Murcia, España, 2: 21-31, 2007.
Vázquez, L. L., E. Fernández, J. Lauzardo, T. García, J. Alfonso, R. Ramírez: Manejo agroecológico de plagas en fincas de la agricultura urbana (MAPFAU), Ed. CIDISAV, La Habana, 2005.
Vázquez, L. L.: «Desarrollo de la innovación agroecológica por los campesinos cubanos», Agricultura Orgánica, no. 1, 2008.
Vázquez Moreno, L. L.; Yaril Matienzo Brito; Janet Alfonso Simonetti; Marlene Veitía Rubio; Ermenegildo Paredes Rodríguez y Emilio Fernández Gonzálvez: «Contribución al diseño agroecológico de sistemas de producción urbanos y suburbanos para favorecer procesos ecológicos», Agricultura Orgánica, 18 (3): 14-18, 2012.
Vázquez, L. L.: «Valorización de la biodiversidad por la agricultura familiar urbana», LEISA Revista de Agroecología no. 30-2: 23-24, 2014.
Wyniger, R.: «Pests of crops in warm climates and their control», Acta Tropica Suplementum 7, Verlag Fur Recht und Gesellschaft Ag Basel, 1962.